Suppose you are an investor seeking to ?nd new opportunities to invest. You have identi?ed two ?rms: L1 Corporation and BT Enterprises. L1 Corporation is debt free, while BT Enterprises is highly leveraged. Each ?rm is run by a manager/entrepreneur, who can exert two levels of e?ort: high or low. The project undertaken by the manager of each ?rm yields either a high return RS > 0 or a low return RF ? 0, with RF < RS . High e?ort by the manager increases the probability that the ?rm realizes a high return.
(a) Suppose there are perfect capital markets, no taxes, and no bankruptcy. Suppose also that you (and other outside investors) can perfectly observe the e?ort exerted by the managers of the two ?rms, and you can write a contract specifying the e?ort you want the managers to exert. Does the amount of leverage of each ?rm a?ect its market value? Explain your answer. (30% of the marks)
(b) Suppose now you and other outside investors cannot observe the e?ort exerted by the managers of the two ?rms. The project undertaken by the manager of each ?rm yields either a high return RS > 0 or a low return RF = 0. Does the amount of leverage of each ?rm a?ect its market value? If yes, is there an optimal amount of debt to be issued? Explain your answer. (30% of the marks)
(c) Let us continue with the framework described in point (b) above. Suppose RF > 0, with with RF < RS. Does the amount of leverage of each ?rm a?ect its market value? If yes, is there an optimal amount of debt to be issued? Explain your answer. (40% of the marks)